The Big Bang Theory is one of the theories of the origin of our Universe. Nowadays, its popularity is growing, due to the Hubble-Lemaître law, which defines and confirms the idea of Galaxies moving away from each other. This is the key that allows the Big Bang Theory to become more attractive than the rest of the Theories. Does the Big Bang Theory have a chance to stand up for itself? It is possible that the Big Bang Theory should be presented in a different way? (see the link).
Perhaps our Universe looks very different from what the Big Bang theory assumes. Undoubtedly, our Universe is expanding, but are we able to explain exactly what happened in the first moments of the creation of our Universe. We can assume that before that moment, time, the concept of "time" did not exist. This means that there must have been - at least "information", somewhere hidden in a "peculiar" place - the place where it all began. All we can do now is "observe" what is left from when our concept of "time" began its roll.
Observation rights. In 1929, Edwin Powell Hubble, discovered and calculated with Milton Humason the relationship between the distance separating galaxies and the speed at which they move away from each other. This relationship is now referred to as the Hubble-Lemaître law; it was previously called Hubble's law. The idea of galaxies moving away from each other consequently led to the concept of the Big Bang and the expansion of the Universe. According to the Big Bang Theory, "time" before the Big Bang did not exist. The "Initial Singularity" is accepted as one of the initial prime movers of the origin of our Universe.
The first hints that the age of the Universe is finite came from Edwin Hubble's observations in 1929. The first person to estimate the age of the Universe with relative accuracy was Allan Sandage in 1958, but he himself did not believe his calculations, which were inconsistent with theories at the time that put the age of the oldest stars at 25 billion years. Since the 1970s, it has been widely accepted that the age of the Universe is several billion years, although in the 1990s the age of the Universe was estimated to be several billion years.
In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang. Astronomers have derived two different measurements of the age of the universe: a measurement based on direct observations of an early state of the universe, which indicate an age of 13.787±0.020 billion years as interpreted with the Lambda-CDM concordance model as of 2021; and a measurement based on the observations of the local, modern universe, which suggest a younger age. The uncertainty of the first kind of measurement has been narrowed down to 20 million years, based on a number of studies that all show similar figures for the age.
These studies include researches of the microwave background radiation by the Planck spacecraft, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe and other space probes. Measurements of the cosmic background radiation give the cooling time of the universe since the Big Bang, and measurements of the expansion rate of the universe can be used to calculate its approximate age by extrapolating backwards in time. The range of the estimate is also within the range of the estimate for the oldest observed star in the universe.
The above examples of scientific research can also apply to our concept of "Time". This means that "time" must not have existed before the Big Bang, if the age of the Universe is finite, then it must have started at some point. This is especially important for the process of observing distant objects - distant in both time and distance.
Marek Ożarowski
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