Time Expansion

The definition of “time” must also include the concept of time expansion. According to the Big Bang theory, everything started from/at the moment of the “release” of space, energy, matter and Time from the Singularity – event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. Various cosmological models of the Big Bang explain the evolution of the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale form. What if “time” is also subject to expansion?

Crucially, these models are compatible with the Hubble–Lemaître law—the observation that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from Earth. Extrapolating this cosmic expansion backwards in time using the known laws of physics, the models describe an increasingly concentrated cosmos preceded by a singularity in which space and time lose meaning (typically named “the Big Bang singularity“). Detailed measurements of the expansion rate of the universe place the Big Bang singularity at an estimated 13.787±0.020 billion years ago, which is considered the age of the universe.

Scientists at the University of Ottawa recently found that the universe may be up to twice as old as thought. This would explain, among other things, why galaxiesobserved by the James Webb Space Telescope, which are calculated to have existed 300 million years after the Big Bang, look as if they are several billion years old. According to Prof. Piotr Bulik, although the Canadian team’s apparent arguments are coherent, their thesis creates more problems than it solves.

Observations of the distant, and therefore early, Universe show giant black holes with masses of billions of solar masses. This raises the question, how could they have formed, if, according to current theory, it takes a long time to do so? Such objects arise from smaller black holes into which surrounding matter flows, or other black holes fall. So we are dealing with a huge puzzle.

On the other hand – Time did not exist before the Big Bang, but began with it, so it is not possible to speak of something “before” the beginning of the Universe, while the mechanism or “cause” of the Big Bang is a matter for discussion, especially in connection with the possibility of the existence of an initial singularity that appears in theories. However, theories are being considered to remove the singularity by describing the Universe in more dimensions, including Time. Such an initial singularity must also have included “Time.”

It is not only the age of the Universe that scientists continue to debate – the disputes also concern how the passage of time itself has changed over the course of the evolution of the cosmos. Recently, a team from the University of Sydney found that not long after the Big Bang, time was thought to flow as much as five times slower than it does today. This could explain the deviation of the Hubble Constant Measurement.