The space-time continuum
In physics, spacetime, also called the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. Spacetime diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects, such as how different observers perceive where and when events occur. The question is whether space-time can lose its continuity? How can space-time be interpreted from the point of view of the micro-world - elementary particles? How can dl space-time be interpreted after the level of Planck constant.
Micro gravity is a term reserved for gravitational interaction on a micro scale - for the world of Elementary Particles. As we know, the Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles. It was developed in stages throughout the latter half of the 20th century, through the work of many scientists worldwide, with the current formulation being finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks.
Gravity was described by Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. General relativity generalizes special relativity and refines Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or four-dimensional spacetime. In particular, the curvature of spacetime is directly related to the energy and momentum of whatever is present, including matter and radiation. The relation is specified by the Einstein field equations, a system of second-order partial differential equations.
Phenomena made on a macro scale have a continuum. Our reality from the point of view of the macro scale maintains its continuity. At the micro scale, the elementary particle is subject to quantum mechanics. According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, each elementary particle does not have its determination for time and for space. We are unable to determine for such an elementary particle both position and momentum at the same time. This means that at the subatomic level (subatomic particle), an elementary particle can be in two places at the space-time - in two points of space-time at one moment.
Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that classical physics cannot. Classical physics can describe many aspects of nature at an ordinary (macroscopic and (optical) microscopic) scale, but is not sufficient for describing them at very small submicroscopic (atomic and subatomic) scales. Classical mechanics can be derived from quantum mechanics as an approximation that is valid at ordinary scales.
If the continuity of space-time at the micro-scale is to be preserved, a certain interpretation of space-time itself must be used. Our spacetime at the micro-scale must preserve both continuity and discontinuity. Otherwise, we would not be able to talk about the continuum of our reality on the macro scale. On the other hand, phenomena taking into account quantum mechanics take place on the micro scale. Is it possible, therefore, to propose such a mechanism for the transition of spacetime from the macro world, where there is continuity - to the micro world of quantum mechanics, where, in the vicinity of Planck constant, matter, and perhaps also space, loses its continuity?
The maintenance of continuity for SpaceTime on a macro scale is done in time. From our point of view, SpaceTime preserves its continuous character. From the point of view of micro phenomena, our spacetime tends toward the real time line. This means that the subatomic system modifies the concept of SpaceTime for itself. Then space becomes a line on which the elementary particle is located. Of the four dimensions, only two remain: one coordinate X and time. Of course, this is just a simple analogy for an observer located in the micro-world. Observation point depends on location in Branches of physics.
So an elementary particle at the subatomic level has an awareness of 2-dimensional SpaceTime. This means that such an elementary particle moves only from one position to the next position (quantum distance). All this is because the micro-world describes its phenomena from the point of view of quantum mechanics. Therefore, if we approach the limit of Planck constant, our spacetime will reach the dimension of the Point. This means that at the quantum level, a particle can make a jump - from point to point. Here there is an apparent loss of continuity of our spacetime, which has already been limited from space to line. However, it now becomes a POINT.
To better explain our reasoning, we need to provide an analogy. How does spacetime from the macro-world maintain its continuity and simultaneously become first a line and then a Point?
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