Dark Matter can interact gravitationally. It seems that the gravitational interaction of Dark Matter may be central to our concept of “time.” So what happens if our matter, which must be in stable form in our Here and our Now, loses its stability in time. In other words, if the stable image of matter moves to the next moment. This means that matter from our “past” is now in stable form in our “present” moment. However, when our “present” moment becomes our “past,” does this matter from the “past” still exist, or has it dissipated?
In order to clarify our problem and build our concept of Dark Matter, we should first try to quote information from the scientific world regarding Dark Energy. This information, can also help to understand our interpretation of matter and to understand our concept of Dark Energy. We have no evidence for the existence of Dark Matter. We are only trying to indirectly explain the phenomenon of Dark Matter.
In the standard Lambda-CDM model of cosmology, the mass–energy content of the universe is 5% ordinary matter, 26.8% dark matter, and 68.2% a form of energy known as dark energy. Thus, dark matter constitutes 85% of the total mass, while dark energy and dark matter constitute 95% of the total mass – energy content.
Dark matter is classified as "cold", "warm", or "hot" according to velocity (more precisely, its free streaming length). Recent models have favored a cold dark matter scenario, in which structures emerge by the gradual accumulation of particles.
Although the astrophysics community generally accepts the existence of dark matter, a minority of astrophysicists, intrigued by specific observations that are not well explained by ordinary dark matter, argue for various modifications of the standard laws of general relativity. These include modified Newtonian dynamics, tensor–vector–scalar gravity, or entropic gravity. So far none of the proposed modified gravity theories can describe every piece of observational evidence at the same time, suggesting that even if gravity has to be modified, some form of dark matter will still be required.
Einstein's cosmological constant
The "cosmological constant" is a constant term that can be added to Einstein field equations of general relativity. If considered as a "source term" in the field equation, it can be viewed as equivalent to the mass of empty space (which conceptually could be either positive or negative), or "vacuum energy".
The cosmological constant was first proposed by Einstein as a mechanism to obtain a solution to the gravitational field equation that would lead to a static universe, effectively using dark energy to balance gravity. Einstein gave the cosmological constant the symbol Λ (capital lambda). Einstein stated that the cosmological constant required that 'empty space takes the role of gravitating negative masses which are distributed all over the interstellar space'.
The mechanism was an example of fine-tuning, and it was later realized that Einstein's static universe would not be stable: local inhomogeneities would ultimately lead to either the runaway expansion or contraction of the universe. The equilibrium is unstable: if the universe expands slightly, then the expansion releases vacuum energy, which causes yet more expansion. Likewise, a universe which contracts slightly will continue contracting.
According to Einstein, "empty space" can possess its own energy. Because this energy is a property of space itself, it would not be diluted as space expands. As more space comes into existence, more of this energy-of-space would appear, thereby causing accelerated expansion. These sorts of disturbances are inevitable, due to the uneven distribution of matter throughout the universe. Further, observations made by Edwin Hubble in 1929 showed that the universe appears to be expanding and is not static. Einstein reportedly referred to his failure to predict the idea of a dynamic universe, in contrast to a static universe, as his greatest blunder.
Inflationary dark energy
Alan Guth and Alexei Starobinsky proposed in 1980 that a negative pressure field, similar in concept to dark energy, could drive cosmic inflation in the very early universe. Inflation postulates that some repulsive force, qualitatively similar to dark energy, resulted in an enormous and exponential expansion of the universe slightly after the Big Bang. Such expansion is an essential feature of most current models of the Big Bang.
However, inflation must have occurred at a much higher (negative) energy density than the dark energy we observe today, and inflation is thought to have completely ended when the universe was just a fraction of a second old. It is unclear what relation, if any, exists between dark energy and inflation. Even after inflationary models became accepted, the cosmological constant was thought to be irrelevant to the current universe.
Nearly all inflation models predict that the total (matter+energy) density of the universe should be very close to the critical density. During the 1980s, most cosmological research focused on models with critical density in matter only, usually 95% cold dark matter (CDM) and 5% ordinary matter (baryons). These models were found to be successful at forming realistic galaxies and clusters, but some problems appeared in the late 1980s: in particular, the model required a value for the Hubble constant lower than preferred by observations, and the model under-predicted observations of large-scale galaxy clustering.
These difficulties became stronger after the discovery of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background by the COBE spacecraft in 1992, and several modified CDM models came under active study through the mid-1990s: these included the Lambda-CDM model and a mixed cold/hot dark matter model. The first direct evidence for dark energy came from supernova observations in 1998 of accelerated expansion in Riesset al. and in Perlmutteret al., and the Lambda-CDM model then became the leading model.
Soon after, dark energy was supported by independent observations: in 2000, the BOOMERanG and Maxima cosmic microwave background experiments observed the first acoustic peak in the cosmic microwave background, showing that the total (matter+energy) density is close to 100% of critical density. Then in 2001, the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey gave strong evidence that the matter density is around 30% of critical. The large difference between these two supports a smooth component of dark energy making up the difference. Much more precise measurements from WMAP in 2003–2010 have continued to support the standard model and give more accurate measurements of the key parameters.
The term "dark energy", echoing Fritz Zwicky's "dark matter" from the 1930s, was coined by Michael S. Turner in 1998.
Change in expansion over time
High-precision measurements of the expansion of the universe are required to understand how the expansion rate changes over time and space. In general relativity, the evolution of the expansion rate is estimated from the curvature of the universe and the cosmological equation of state (the relationship between temperature, pressure, and combined matter, energy, and vacuum energy density for any region of space). Measuring the equation of state for dark energy is one of the biggest efforts in observational cosmology today. Adding the cosmological constant to cosmology's standard FLRW metric leads to the Lambda-CDM model, which has been referred to as the "standard model of cosmology" because of its precise agreement with observations.
Diagram representing the accelerated expansion of the universe due to dark energy.
As of 2013, the Lambda-CDM model is consistent with a series of increasingly rigorous cosmological observations, including the Planck spacecraft and the Supernova Legacy Survey. First results from the SNLS reveal that the average behavior (i.e., equation of state) of dark energy behaves like Einstein's cosmological constant to a precision of 10%. Recent results from the Hubble Space Telescope Higher-Z Team indicate that dark energy has been present for at least 9 billion years and during the period preceding cosmic acceleration.
Our Concept of Dark Matter is a certain interpretation of the information that currently exists in the scientific world. Our Concept of Dark Matter is a proposal to explain the phenomenon of Dark Matter in the event that the concept of “time” as we know it might not exist. Therefore, if our “time” does not exist, then perhaps the interpretation of matter is completely different, and consequently - the interpretation of Dark Matter is also different.
To explain this, from the point of view of our Concept, we have generated a certain intellectual concept that can help explain our Concept of Dark Matter. Our Concept - ToE-Quantum Space assumes that our concept of “time”, which changes does not exist. We use the concept of “time” as the basis for our considerations. This means that what we call our Real Time refers only to our Here and our Now. If this is the case, then a stable image of Matter can only reveal itself from the point of view of our “present” moment. We will explain below how this should be understood.
Imagine you are walking down a road. Every second, your position changes. The same may also be true for our planet Earth, which is moving around our Sun (from 29,291 km/s to 30,287 km/s). So if you take another step, is your image of matter (your body) stable for your previous position? In other words, is your body from the “past” further experienced by you? This is difficult to imagine, so the whole situation is presented in the illustration below.
If our Planet Earth, like us, moves around our Sun, does the stable image of our Planet Earth from our “past” affect our “present” moment? Does this mean that all matter in time is being destabilized, stabilized and destabilized? Why can't I see a image of matter from my “past”?
The concept of Dark Matter. Matter, in order to be experienced, must be in stable form - then it can exist from our point of view. This means that if Matter does not reach its stable form, then there is no possibility to experience such Matter. In other words, then such unstable Matter loses its properties. Unstable Matter has no mass, no dimensions in space, and no State of matter. This means that Unstable Matter does not exist from our point of view - from our Here and our Now. Therefore, from our Here and our Now, we cannot experience the Matter from our “past” and from our “future” in stable form. This means that the Matter from our “past” and from our “future” is inaccessible to us.
We have no control over what happened in our “past.” But, in order to keep matter stable for our Here and our Now, a time continuum is necessary. This means that information about the stabilization of our matter - from our present moment, is transferred to our “future”. Some of the information from the “present” is degraded. That is, the information from our “past” becomes more and more obsolete. This can be interpreted as follows. Information from the “past” had other information about the location of our Planet Earth. At the present moment, our current reality has taken advantage of the information from our “past” and on this basis “built” another, presentreality.
So if the Matter from our “past” has lost its stability, does that mean it is still Matter, just correlated with our “past moment”? Or does the lack of stability mean a loss of the properties of Matter itself? Or perhaps, the Matter of the “past” is just the annihilation of Matter itself? Then, does what exists in our “past”? Does the then mapped stable image of Matter still exist somewhere? The answer to this question may be another interpretation of our “time”.
Our Concept - ToE-Quantum Space assumes that our concept of “time” does not exist. Therefore, if our “time” does not exist, could there be a stable form of Matter? It seems that then, beyond our Present Moment (our Here and our Now), there could be Matter of unknown state. Perhaps it could be interpreted as Dark, Unknown Matter. This is what our Concept of Dark Matter is. Could this mean that the properties of matter depend on the concept of our time?
Perhaps Dark Matter is in no way related to our concept of “time”, and therefore no properties of Matter can be attributed to it in any way. The description of Matter is strongly related to our concept of “time.” Therefore, if “time” does not exist, it does not mean that Matter has ceased to exist. It can only mean that we don't know something yet. Perhaps the state of Dark Matter, is a description of Matter beyond our concept of “time” (see link).
The concept of Dark Matter according to Our Concept - ToE-Quantum Space assumes its interpretation of Dark Matter. According to us, Dark Matter is an unstable form of our Matter. Therefore, we cannot experience such Matter in any way. Dark Matter, therefore, must be some form of Matter that is characterized by a completely different state - it is (Dark Matter) a different state of Matter when it exists outside our concept of “time.” If this could be the case, it means that Dark Matter also exists in our “future.”
The matter from our “future” is a kind of approximation. If we know the orbit of our planet Earth, we are able to determine the approximate position of this matter (our planet Earth) in the “future moment”. We know if our planet Earth will be on a collision path with another Astronomical object. This information, we obtain based on information from our “past”. This means that the mass/matter from our “future” exists - it is for our Here and our Now not stable, therefore we cannot experience it.
Our Concept of Dark Matter is a certain proposition to think about. If we want to understand the other, unknown state of Matter - which is now called Dark Matter, then the question must also be asked: if the Big Bang set in motion the process of creation of matter, can this matter disappear, or can it only change its state of aggregation - to a completely different, unknown state - now called Dark Matter?
Multiplication of changes is a certain analogy or interpretation of what happens from the point of view of the micro-world - the world of elementary particles in correlation to “ time ”. Of course, in our considerations we will apply our concept of “time” . Our Reality can only use the real part of our Complex description of time - this is our real time . This means that for our considerations, some extension of our “time” will be made. The description of this extension, will be expressed by means of the Complex Time Function , which refers to our concept of “ Time Quaternion ”.
Stan energetyczny jest pewną kombinacją Punktów Energetycznych , które współtworzą strukturę Przestrzeni Kwantowej . Energia, która jest podstawą do kreacji struktury Przestrzeni Kwantowej jest energią innego, nieznanego typu i nie ma nic wspólnego z Energia jaką znamy. Każdy Punkt Energetyczny w strukturze zawiera informację wyrażony poprzez energię nieznanego typu. Oznacza to, że stan energetyczny prowadzi do pewnego odwzorowania. Owo odwzorowanie, jest interpretacją, między innymi naszej bieżącej chwili - naszego Tu i naszego Teraz . Oczywiście to prosta interpretacja naszego pojęcia stanu energetycznego. Wymaga to jednak szerszego komentarza.
Uncertainty of matter refers directly to the Uncertainty Principle , which was proposed by Werner Heisenberg . Uncertainty of matter is a kind of extension of the Uncertainty Principle . Our Concept also refers to the Uncertainty Principle and tries to interpret it consistently to the ToE-Quantum Space . What does this Uncertainty consist of? What is the Uncertainty of matter? Before we go on to answer the questions posed, perhaps we should first look for our micro-world - the world of elementary particles .
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