What is gravity?

What is gravity? It seems that we experience gravity every day. We step firmly on the Earth and feel gravity, especially when a Mobile phone falls out of our hand, for example, and we break the glass because of it. Gravity in our Here and our Now seems to be constant. Gravity in our Universe is closely related in mass/matter. The greater the mass, the greater the gravitational interaction.

What can AI do?

What can AI do? How can Artificial Intelligence affect the efficiency of our professional activities? Will AI take jobs away from people? What might be the risks associated with the implementation and use of AI? Does AI support? These are just a few of the questions as they interest us today. So what is AI? Artificial Intelligence explained.

So, can systems based on Artificial Intelligence cause concern? Or will they rather support us with our activities? (See also link). Certainly, with Artificial Intelligence, changes are already taking place in education. However, should people be afraid of AI? Or will the support of our activities through AI be another opportunity for a leap forward in civilization?

Artificial Intelligence is used, among other things, is to analyze data and then to recommend the best solution that can be found at any given time. These types of activities are designed to enhance our operations and increase efficiency. In colloquial terms, it is often used in the context of “true artificial intelligence.” In computer science and cognitive science, it also means the creation of models and programs that simulate at least partially intelligent behavior. Artificial intelligence is also a subject of consideration in philosophy (philosophy of artificial intelligence) and a subject of interest in the social sciences.

What can AI. Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the development of computer systems of performing tasks that require human intelligence. AI aids, in processing amounts of data identifying patterns and making decisions based on the collected information. This can be achieved through techniques like Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision and Robotics. AI encompasses a range of abilities including learning, reasoning, perception, problem solving, data analysis and language comprehension. The ultimate goal of AI is to create machines that can emulate capabilities and carry out diverse tasks, with enhanced efficiency and precision. The field of AI holds potential to revolutionize aspects of our daily lives.

Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-artificial-intelligence/

AI and machine learning technology is used in most of the essential applications of the 2020s, including: search engines (such as Google Search), targeting online advertisements, recommendation systems (offered by Netflix, YouTube or Amazon), driving internet traffic, targeted advertising (AdSense, Facebook), virtual assistants (such as Siri or Alexa), autonomous vehicles (including drones, ADAS and self-driving cars), automatic language translation (Microsoft Translator, Google Translate), facial recognition (Apple's Face ID or Microsoft's DeepFace and Google's FaceNet) and image labeling (used by Facebook, Apple's iPhoto and TikTok). The deployment of AI may be overseen by a Chief automation officer (CAO).

The study of mechanical or "formal" reasoning began with philosophers and mathematicians in antiquity. The study of logic led directly to Alan Turing's theory of computation, which suggested that a machine, by shuffling symbols as simple as "0" and "1", could simulate any conceivable form of mathematical reasoning. This, along with concurrent discoveries in cybernetics, information theory and neurobiology, led researchers to consider the possibility of building an "electronic brain". They developed several areas of research that would become part of AI, such as McCullouch and Pitts design for "artificial neurons" in 1943, and Turing's influential 1950 paper 'Computing Machinery and Intelligence', which introduced the Turing test and showed that "machine intelligence" was plausible.

The field of AI research was founded at a workshop at Dartmouth College in 1956. The attendees became the leaders of AI research in the 1960s. They and their students produced programs that the press described as "astonishing": computers were learning checkers strategies, solving word problems in algebra, proving logical theorems and speaking English. Artificial intelligence laboratories were set up at a number of British and U.S. universities in the latter 1950s and early 1960s.

Researchers in the 1960s and the 1970s were convinced that their methods would eventually succeed in creating a machine with general intelligence and considered this the goal of their field. In 1965 Herbert Simon predicted, "machines will be capable, within twenty years, of doing any work a man can do". In 1967 Marvin Minsky agreed, writing that "within a generation ... the problem of creating 'artificial intelligence' will substantially be solved". 

They had, however, underestimated the difficulty of the problem. In 1974, both the U.S. and British governments cut off exploratory research in response to the criticism of Sir James Lighthill and ongoing pressure from the U.S. Congress to fund more productive projects. Minsky's and Papert's book Perceptrons was understood as proving that artificial neural networks would never be useful for solving real-world tasks, thus discrediting the approach altogether. The "AI winter", a period when obtaining funding for AI projects was difficult, followed.

In the early 1980s, AI research was revived by the commercial success of expert systems, a form of AI program that simulated the knowledge and analytical skills of human experts. By 1985, the market for AI had reached over a billion dollars. At the same time, Japan's fifth generation computer project inspired the U.S. and British governments to restore funding for academic research. However, beginning with the collapse of the Lisp Machine market in 1987, AI once again fell into disrepute, and a second, longer-lasting winter began.

Deep learning began to dominate industry benchmarks in 2012 and was adopted throughout the field. For many specific tasks, other methods were abandoned. Deep learning's success was based on both hardware improvements (faster computers, graphics processing units, cloud computing) and access to large amounts of data (including curated datasets, such as ImageNet). Deep learning's success led to an enormous increase in interest and funding in AI. The amount of machine learning research (measured by total publications) increased by 50% in the years 2015–2019.

In the late teens and early 2020s, AGI companies began to deliver programs that created enormous interest. In 2015, AlphaGo, developed by DeepMind, beat the world champion Go player. The program was taught only the rules of the game and developed strategy by itself. GPT-3 is a large language model that was released in 2020 by OpenAI and is capable of generating high-quality human-like text.

These programs, and others, inspired an aggressive AI boom, where large companies began investing billions in AI research. According to AI Impacts, about $50 billion annually was invested in "AI" around 2022 in the U.S. alone and about 20% of the new U.S. Computer Science PhD graduates have specialized in "AI". About 800,000 "AI"-related U.S. job openings existed in 2022.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence#History

Artificial Intelligence (AI) will change existing approaches to creation. What can AI do? Well, the authors of the ToE blog conducted a certain experiment, the results of which have been published in previous posts (link1 and link2). This experiment shows the effects of Artificial Intelligence support in the process of creating documents - in particular, Scientific literature, popular science articles and perhaps textbooks, books and other publications.

The experiment consisted of preparing assumptions for a popular science article. These assumptions were the input for ChatGPT, which, on this basis, generated content support for the popular science article, taking into account the appropriate structure of the document. Of course, the whole thing was closely supervised by the author, but the time required to write this article was reduced to an absolute minimum.

First, a “draft” of the article was proposed and sent to OpenAI's ChatGPT - the “draft” was included in the article in link1. Then, ChatGPT generated the content of the article draft. The article was revised during the subsequent query (prompts). The fruit of these procedures is the final version of the article presented in link2. It turns out that such solutions as ChatGPT can significantly affect many areas of conceptual work. We encourage you to examine the contents of both articles (link1 and link2).

The link2 article was therefore prepared with the support of AI. This article has been tagged with #tag - #CreatedbyAI to indicate that the content in it was generated by ChatGPT. This means that now our article writing process will be shortened quite significantly. So the possibilities in the area of content creation - content that we can publish online and beyond - are increasing.

ChatGPT is able to write an essay for us, make a presentation, find a piece of code that will be optimal for our designed software. Some solutions of this type are able to do graphic design or compose music for a computer game. In a word - Artificial Intelligence also enters the domain of Art - something that was the exclusive Attribute of Man. Art distinguished nations, cultures, gave solace to the senses, emotions, or stimulated them.

It seems that now, with the help of Artificial Intelligence, anyone can be a designer, composer, writer, or any other creator in the field of Art. Ok. It can be argued that this is a kind of New Challenge, a certain proposal for Humanity - a new quality, New Challenges. And the consequences? If man gives up all areas of his life - even those areas that constitute his humanity, then what will distinguish us in nature from the Reality around us - the digital Reality?

Marek Ożarowski 

AI as Occam Razors

AI as Occam Razors - The Cutting Edge of Civilization: Fire, the Wheel, Steam, and AI as Occam’s Razors of Human Progress, Author: Tom Wawer supported by AI - AI as Occam Razors.

AI as Occam Razors. Created by artificial intelligence (CreatedbyAI).

Introduction

Throughout human history, certain pivotal inventions have acted as catalysts for transformative change, propelling societies forward while rendering obsolete the old ways of life. These innovations—fire, the wheel, steam power, and now artificial intelligence (AI)—can be likened to Occam’s razor in their ability to decisively cut through established norms and practices. Those who embraced these advancements thrived, while those who resisted were left behind. This article explores how these key inventions served as metaphorical razors, shaping the course of civilization and how AI stands as the next significant force of change.

The Concept of Occam’s Razor

Occam’s razor is a philosophical principle attributed to the 14th-century English logician and Franciscan friar William of Ockham. The principle suggests that when presented with competing hypotheses or explanations, one should select the one that makes the fewest assumptions or is the simplest [1]. While originally a tool for logical reasoning, the metaphor of a “razor” cutting away unnecessary complexity can be applied to transformative technologies that simplify or revolutionize human practices.

Fire: The First Cutting Edge

The controlled use of fire is one of humanity’s earliest and most significant technological achievements. Evidence suggests that Homo erectus mastered fire over a million years ago [2]. Fire provided warmth, protection from predators, and allowed for the cooking of food, which made nutrients more accessible and reduced the energy required for digestion [3]. Societies that harnessed fire gained significant advantages, leading to better health and increased survival rates. Those who did not adopt fire remained at a disadvantage in terms of security and nutrition.

The Wheel: Revolutionizing Mobility

The invention of the wheel around 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia marked a turning point in human transportation and industry [4]. The wheel enabled the movement of goods and people over greater distances with less effort, facilitating trade, warfare, and cultural exchange. It allowed societies to expand their reach, influence, and economic prosperity. Civilizations that adopted the wheel advanced more rapidly, while those that did not were limited in their mobility and economic development.

Steam Power: Fueling the Industrial Revolution

The advent of steam power in the 18th century ushered in the Industrial Revolution, fundamentally altering manufacturing, transportation, and society at large [5]. Steam engines powered factories, ships, and locomotives, enabling mass production and efficient movement of goods and people. This technological leap led to urbanization, changes in labor systems, and new social dynamics. Societies that embraced steam power became industrialized nations with significant economic and military advantages. Those resistant to industrialization faced economic decline and diminished global influence.

Artificial Intelligence: The New Frontier of Transformation

As we stand in the 21st century, artificial intelligence represents the next Occam’s razor poised to transform humanity across multiple dimensions—culture, manufacturing, creativity, innovations, and everyday life.

Impact on Culture and Society

AI is reshaping cultural norms by influencing how we consume information, interact with technology, and communicate with one another. Personalized content algorithms curate our news feeds and entertainment choices, tailoring experiences to individual preferences [6]. Virtual assistants and chatbots are becoming commonplace, altering human interaction dynamics and expectations [7]. Societies embracing AI are experiencing shifts in social structures, with increased emphasis on digital literacy and data privacy concerns.

Revolutionizing Manufacturing and Industry

In manufacturing, AI-driven automation and robotics are optimizing production processes, reducing human error, and increasing efficiency [8]. Predictive maintenance powered by AI algorithms minimizes downtime, while supply chain logistics are enhanced through intelligent data analysis. Industries adopting AI are gaining competitive advantages through cost reductions and improved product quality. Conversely, those reluctant to integrate AI face obsolescence in a rapidly evolving market.

Fostering Creativity and Innovation

AI is not only automating routine tasks but also augmenting human creativity. Generative algorithms can compose music, create visual art, and assist in writing, pushing the boundaries of creative expression [9]. In scientific research, AI accelerates discoveries by analyzing vast datasets to identify patterns and generate hypotheses [10]. The collaboration between human ingenuity and AI capabilities is leading to innovations at an unprecedented pace.

Transforming Everyday Life

In daily life, AI influences healthcare through personalized medicine and early disease detection [11]. Autonomous vehicles powered by AI promise to redefine transportation, enhancing safety and efficiency [12]. Smart homes and cities utilize AI for energy management, security, and convenience, improving the quality of life for residents. The integration of AI into everyday objects—the Internet of Things (IoT)—creates interconnected ecosystems that respond intelligently to human needs.

The Razor’s Edge: Embrace or Obsolescence

Like the transformative technologies before it, AI serves as a metaphorical razor, cutting away outdated practices and necessitating adaptation. Societies and individuals that embrace AI stand to benefit from increased efficiency, innovation, and improved living standards. Those who resist may find themselves at a disadvantage, facing economic challenges and reduced global influence.

Preparing for the Inevitable Change: Skills for the New Era

As AI continues to reshape the world, individuals must prepare to navigate this changing landscape to avoid being left behind by Occam’s razor of technological progress.

Cultivating Digital Literacy

A foundational understanding of digital technologies is essential. Digital literacy extends beyond basic computer skills to include knowledge of AI principles, data analytics, and cybersecurity [13]. Being proficient in digital tools enables individuals to engage with AI technologies effectively.

Emphasizing Lifelong Learning

The rapid pace of technological advancement necessitates continuous learning. Adopting a mindset of lifelong education allows individuals to stay current with emerging trends and skills [14]. Online courses, workshops, and professional development programs can facilitate this ongoing growth.

Developing Emotional Intelligence and Creativity

While AI excels at data processing and pattern recognition, human traits like emotional intelligence, empathy, and creativity remain invaluable [15]. Cultivating these skills enhances one’s ability to work alongside AI, focusing on tasks that require human judgment and innovation.

Fostering Adaptability and Resilience

The ability to adapt to new technologies and work environments is crucial. Resilience in the face of change enables individuals to pivot and seize new opportunities presented by AI advancements [16]. Embracing flexibility in career paths and skillsets will be beneficial.

Building Interdisciplinary Knowledge

Combining expertise from multiple disciplines can lead to unique insights and innovations. Understanding how AI intersects with fields like ethics, law, and social sciences allows for a more holistic approach to technology implementation [17].

Engaging in Ethical and Responsible AI Practices

Awareness of the ethical implications of AI is important. Advocating for responsible AI development ensures technologies are designed with fairness, transparency, and accountability in mind [18]. Individuals can contribute to shaping AI in ways that benefit society as a whole.

Conclusion

The progression of human civilization is marked by pivotal innovations that act as decisive forces of change. Fire, the wheel, steam power, and now artificial intelligence are prime examples of technologies that, like Occam’s razor, eliminate outdated ways of life and propel humanity forward. Embracing such advancements has historically been crucial for societal survival and prosperity. As AI emerges as the latest transformative force, individuals and societies must adapt by cultivating relevant skills and mindsets. Recognizing and preparing for these changes ensures that one remains aligned with the advancing world, rather than being cut away by the relentless edge of progress.

References

1. Thorburn, W. (1918). Occam’s Razor. Mind, 27(107), 345–353.

2. Berna, F., et al. (2012). Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(20), E1215–E1220.

3. Wrangham, R. (2009). Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human. Basic Books.

4. Piggott, S. (1983). The Earliest Wheeled Transport: From the Atlantic Coast to the Caspian Sea. Cornell University Press.

5. Smil, V. (2005). Creating the Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations of 1867–1914 and Their Lasting Impact. Oxford University Press.

6. Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. Penguin Press.

7. Siau, K., & Yang, Y. (2017). Impact of artificial intelligence, robotics, and machine learning on sales and marketing. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 37(3), 257–266.

8. Lee, J., et al. (2018). Industrial Big Data Analytics and Cyber-physical Systems for Future Maintenance & Service Innovation. Procedia CIRP, 38, 3–7.

9. Elgammal, A., et al. (2017). CAN: Creative Adversarial Networks, Generating “Art” by Learning About Styles and Deviating from Style Norms. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.07068.

10. Jumper, J., et al. (2021). Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nature, 596(7873), 583–589.

11. Topol, E. J. (2019). High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine, 25(1), 44–56.

12. Litman, T. (2020). Autonomous vehicle implementation predictions. Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 28.

13. Martin, A. (2008). Digital literacy and the “digital society”. In Digital literacies: Concepts, policies and practices (pp. 151–176). Peter Lang.

14. Alheit, P., & Dausien, B. (2002). The “double face” of lifelong learning: Two analytical perspectives on a “silent revolution”. Studies in the Education of Adults, 34(1), 3–22.

15. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. Bantam Books.

16. Smith, E., & Clayton, B. (2009). Recognising non-formal and informal learning: Participant insights and perspectives. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 49(1), 1–17.

17. Elliott, A. (2019). The Culture of AI: Everyday Life and the Digital Revolution. Routledge.

18. Floridi, L., et al. (2018). AI4People—An ethical framework for a good AI society: Opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Minds and Machines, 28(4), 689–707.

19. Theory of Everything by Marek Ożarowski – see the post about #tag – CreatedbyAI.

This article was created with the support of ChatGPT, which is why it was tagged CreatedbyAI. ChatGPT generated this entry based on the "prompt" embedded in the link. This means that the authors are both human and Artificial Intelligence. To emphasize this, such an article is marked accordingly #tag CreatedbyAI.

Marek Ożarowski 

Co może AI dzisiaj?

Co może AI dzisiaj? w jaki sposób Sztuczna Inteligencja może wpływać na efektywność naszych aktywności zawodowych? To tylko kilka pytań, jak dręczą nas obecnie. Generalnie, jeśli mówimy o systemach opartych na sztucznej inteligencji, to mamy na myśli głównie modele językowe (LLM). A przecież Sztuczna inteligencja jest powiązana z obszarami uczenia maszynowego, logiki rozmytej, widzenia komputerowego, obliczeń ewolucyjnych, sieci neuronowych, robotyki i sztucznego życia.

Rewolucja w dziedzinie sztucznej inteligencji

Rewolucja w dziedzinie sztucznej inteligencji, AI już tu jest

Oto tekst promptu do ChatGPT, które wygenerowało treść artykuły w linku.

AI jako brzytwa Ockhama

AI jako brzytwa Ockhama dla ludzkiego postępu

Oto przykład wykorzystania AI do pisania artykułów.

AI jako brzytwy Ockhama, Autor: Tom Wawer supported by AI

tłumaczenie artykułu z Linku: Najnowocześniejsza cywilizacja: ogień, koło, para i sztuczna inteligencja jako brzytwy Ockhama dla ludzkiego postępu - moonytunes

Gravity-beginning

Gravity-beginning, what was at the beginning of the creation of our Universe? According to the Big Bang theory, could everything have been created simultaneously? It seems downright impossible. However, before the Big Bang, time most likely did not exist. It seems that there may have been some form of Energy in the beginning - perhaps it was a form of unknown energy. And time, what about our concept of “time”? If there was a process of Creation of the Universe, then some sequence of events must have occurred in it. If there was a sequence of events, then there must have been some form of “time”. Certainly not the one we know today.